Iran signed the JCPOA in 2015. The deal capped uranium enrichment at 3.67 percent and limited centrifuges. It also required modifications to the Arak reactor. In return, Iran got sanctions relief backed by IAEA verification.
The U.S. walked away in 2018. Washington reimposed sanctions under a "maximum pressure" campaign. Iran did not take this lying down. It breached the deal’s limits step by step. Tehran enriched uranium to 60 percent and deployed advanced centrifuges. It also restricted IAEA inspectors.
Diplomats tried to revive the deal between April 2021 and 2023. They failed. Mutual distrust killed the talks. Iran wanted guaranteed sanctions relief before reversing any nuclear steps. The U.S. demanded a verifiable rollback first. Washington refused to commit to lifting all sanctions. No agreement was reached by 2023.
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